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when you claim a chargeback, the most common reasons are: 1) item not as described 2) didn't receive item/item took longer than promised and 3) fraud or not authorized transaction
you'll generally get your money back right away but as others have suggested, the merchant can dispute the chargeback if they choose to and if they have evidence to fight your claim. At this point, the merchant's acquiring bank *may* rule in favour of the merchant and give them their funds back but you can still dispute it again. If you dispute again, the merchant will need to submit new evidence that they did not provide during the first round of review. This is also the point where it gets expensive for the merchant because if they fight the chargeback and lose, they'd have to eat the chargeback costs + a $500 or so penalty to VISA/MC/Discovery/AMEX. Most merchants won't even bother at this point and would simply accept the chargeback because the costs involved are too high; not to mention they've already spent the resources (human capital) to fight it.
If you can, try to resolve the issue with the merchant first before disputing a chargeback and only look to it as a last resort. As a merchant myself being on the receiving end, getting a chargeback is a long, drawn out process that just requires a lot of unnecessary resources
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